{"id":237868,"date":"2026-06-19T08:42:01","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T06:42:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/?p=237868"},"modified":"2026-06-19T08:42:01","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T06:42:01","slug":"mahmud-tewfiq-stuna-zerin-a-helbesta-kurdi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/?p=237868","title":{"rendered":"Mahm\u00fbd Tewf\u00eeq; St\u00fbna Z\u00ear\u00een a Helbesta Kurd\u00ee"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sol\u00een Mihemed\/ Qami\u015flo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mahm\u00fbd Tewf\u00eeq yek ji st\u00fbn\u00ean her\u00ee gir\u00eeng \u00ean edebiyet, rojnamevan\u00ee \u00fb ronakb\u00eeriya kurd\u00ee b\u00fb ku nav\u00ea xwe di r\u00fbpel\u00ean d\u00eeroka Kurdistan\u00ea de niv\u00eesand. Ji ber keda di parastina \u00e7anada Kurd\u00ee de wek\u00ee par\u00eazvan\u00ea \u00e7anda Kurd\u00ee dihat binavkirin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mahm\u00fbd Tewf\u00eeq niv\u00eeskar, rojnamevan \u00fb rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ea Kurd b\u00fb ku w\u00ee cih\u00ea xwe di d\u00eerok\u00ea de h\u00eala. P\u00eerem\u00ear\u00ean di nava civak\u00ea de kesek\u00ee ronakb\u00eer, p\u00ea\u015feng, dilnizm \u00fb xizmetkar\u00ea gel b\u00fb. Ew ne ten\u00ea helbestvanek b\u00fb, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bav \u00fb kal\u00ea civaka Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea \u00fb par\u00eazvan\u00ea \u00e7anda kurd\u00ee b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

\u00cero 76 sal li ser wefata Mehm\u00fbd Tewf\u00eeq re derbas dibin, ku heya roja \u00eero j\u00ee h\u00een helbest, stran \u00fb niv\u00ees\u00ean w\u00ee di dil \u00fb mejiy\u00ea her kurdek\u00ee de ye.<\/p>\n

Kurte jiyana Mahm\u00fbd Tewf\u00eeq\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nav\u00ea P\u00eerem\u00eard y\u00ea rasteq\u00een\u00ee, Tewf\u00eeq e. Tewf\u00eeq Kur\u00ea Mehm\u00fbd Axay\u00ea kur\u00ea Hemze Axa b\u00fb. Ew li bajar\u00ea Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea di sala 1867\u2019an de ji dayik b\u00fbye \u00fb \u00e7av\u00ean xwe li c\u00eehana ronah\u00ee vekiriye. Ji aliy\u00ea malbata w\u00ee ve nav\u00ea Tewf\u00eeq l\u00ea hatiye kirin.<\/p>\n

P\u00eeram\u00eard yek ji helbestvan\u00ean n\u00fbjen \u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00een \u00ean helbesta Kurd\u00ee t\u00ea d\u00eetin \u00fb helbest\u00ean w\u00ee bi rexney\u00ean tund \u00ean b\u00fbyer \u00fb diyardey\u00ean siyas\u00ee, edeb\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee y\u00ean ku di serdema w\u00ee de qewim\u00eene t\u00eane taybetmend kirin.<\/p>\n

W\u00ee gelek berhem \u00fb helbest li ser bedewiya xwezay\u00ea, azadiya gel \u00fb neteweyan, bi taybet\u00ee neteweya xwe ya Kurd \u00fb welat\u00ea xwe Kurdistan \u00fb li ser rizgariya gel\u00ea xwe y\u00ea Kurd \u00fb gel\u00ean bindest ji serdestiya h\u00eaz\u00ean dagirker \u00fb kolonyal\u00eest niv\u00eesandin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kirin.<\/p>\n

P\u00eeram\u00eard zarokatiya xwe li bajar\u00ea Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea derbas kir \u00fb xwendina xwe ya seretay\u00ee dema ku ew ne z\u00eadetir\u00ee 7 sal\u00ee b\u00fb, bi xwendina Qurana P\u00eeroz dest p\u00ea kir. Pi\u015ftre ew serdana gelek dibistan\u00ean ol\u00ee y\u00ean li Kurdistan\u00ea kir, di wan dibistanan de pirt\u00fbk\u00ean bi Kurd\u00ee, Faris\u00ee \u00fb Ereb\u00ee xwend in \u00fb f\u00ear\u00ee Faris\u00ee \u00fb Ereb\u00ee b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Pa\u015f\u00ea w\u00ee gelek helbest \u00e7\u00eakirin \u00fb niv\u00eesandin \u00fb bi deng\u00ea xwe li ber raya gi\u015ft\u00ee di b\u00fbyer\u00ean edeb\u00ee, netewey\u00ee \u00fb welatpar\u00eaz\u00ee de wek p\u00eerozbahiy\u00ean Sersala Kurd\u00ee Newroz xwend, heta ku nav \u00fb helbest\u00ean w\u00ee li piraniya Kurdistan\u00ea belav b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Di sala 1882\u2019an de, p\u00eerem\u00eard b\u00fb sikreter\u00ea yekem li dadgeha bajar\u00ea Sileymaniy\u00ea li Kurdistan\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Di sala 1895\u2019an de, p\u00eerem\u00eard b\u00fb c\u00eegir\u00ea dadwer\u00ea peywend\u00eedar li bajar\u00ea Kerbela y\u00ea Iraq\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Di sala 1898\u2019an a pi\u015ft\u00ee zay\u00een\u00ea de, p\u00eerem\u00eard \u00e7\u00fb bajar\u00ea Stenbol\u00ea y\u00ea Osman\u00ee \u00fb li wir berpirs\u00ean Parlamentoya Osman\u00ee f\u00eam kirin ku p\u00eerem\u00eard bi ziman\u00ea Faris\u00ee ba\u015f dizanib\u00fb, ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea w\u00ee ew wek endam\u00ea Parlamentoya Osman\u00ee tay\u00een kir. Pi\u015ftre li Fakulteya Hiq\u00fbq\u00ea ya Stenbol\u00ea qeyd b\u00fb, xwendina xwe ya bilind li wir temam kir \u00fb b\u00fb par\u00eazer \u00fb pa\u015f\u00ea j\u00ee li Stenbol\u00ea of\u00eeseke hiq\u00fbq\u00ee vekir.<\/p>\n

Di sala 1908\u2019an de, p\u00eerem\u00eard bi komek rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ean Kurd re be\u015fdar\u00ee damezrandina \u201cKomeleya Hevkar\u00ee \u00fb P\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbna Kurdistan\u00ea\u201d li bajar\u00ea Stenbol\u00ea ku y\u00ea Osman\u00ee b\u00fb \u00fb b\u00fb berpirsiyar\u00ea rojnameya ku li ser nav\u00ea komeley\u00ea diaxiv\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Di sala 1909\u2019an de, p\u00eerem\u00eard ji aliy\u00ea rayedar\u00ean Osman\u00ee ve wek\u00ee waliy\u00ea bajar\u00ea Colem\u00earg \u00ea gir\u00eaday\u00ee par\u00eazgeha Hekariy\u00ea hat tay\u00eenkirin.<\/p>\n

Di sala 1918\u2019an de, ew ji bo bajar\u00ea Osman\u00ee \u201cAmasya\u201d hate veguhastin \u00fb wek\u00ee waliy\u00ea bajar\u00ea \u201cAmasya\u201d hate tay\u00eenkirin.<\/p>\n

P\u00eerem\u00eard di sala 1923\u2019an de vedigere cih\u00ea jidayikb\u00fbna xwe ya li bajar\u00ea Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Di navbera sal\u00ean 1926\u2019an \u00fb 1950\u2019\u00ee de, p\u00eerem\u00eard li bajar\u00ea Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea du rojnamey\u00ean Kurd\u00ee, rojnameya \u201cJiyanewe\u201d \u00fb rojnameya \u201cJ\u00een\u201d \u00e7ap kirin.<\/p>\n

Dengvedana w\u00ee\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00eerem\u00eard, di dema feq\u00eetiya xwe de, li gelek bajar \u00fb medresey\u00ean Kurdistan\u00ea geriyaye. Kes\u00ean curbecur d\u00eetin e. Dema di dibistanan \u00fb d\u00eewanan de bi deng\u00ea xwe y\u00ea zelal helbest\u00ean xwe dixwendin, \u015fewqek\u00ee guhert\u00ee dida guhdaran. Di ciwaniya xwe de nav \u00fb deng\u00ea w\u00ee belav\u00ee Kurdistan\u00ea dib\u00fb \u00fb di giraniya dever\u00ean Kurdistan\u00ea de dihat nas\u00een. Di heman dem\u00ea de \u00ead\u00ee p\u00eerem\u00eard bi helbest \u00fb niv\u00ees\u00ean xwe y\u00ean kurd \u00fb Kurdistan di nav welat de deng veda.<\/p>\n

Newroz li ba p\u00eerem\u00eard<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cejna Newroz\u00ea li ba P\u00eerem\u00eard, ne ten\u00ea hatina bihar\u00ea b\u00fb, l\u00ea bel\u00ea sembola \u015fiyarb\u00fbn, yek\u00eet\u00ee \u00fb zind\u00eekirina nasnameya netewey\u00ee ya kurd b\u00fb. P\u00eerem\u00eard wek\u00ee bav\u00ea Newroza modern a Ba\u015f\u00fbr t\u00ea qeb\u00fblkirin, ji ber ku w\u00ee ev cejn ji \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya malbatek\u00ea derxist \u00fb kir cejneke girsey\u00ee \u00fb netewey\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Ber\u00ee P\u00eerem\u00eard, cejna Newroz\u00ea li Ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Kurdistan\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee girsey\u00ee nedihat p\u00eerozkirin. P\u00eerem\u00eard bi dest\u00ea xwe her sal gel li ser gir\u00ea Mam\u00eeyar\u00ea y\u00ea Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea kom dikir, agir\u00ea Newroz\u00ea dadida \u00fb civak li dora v\u00ea cejna netewey\u00ee yekb\u00fby\u00ee dikir. Ji bo w\u00ea p\u00eerem\u00eard di sala 1948\u2019an de helbesta xwe ya navdar \u201cNewroz\u201d nivisand. Ev helbest pa\u015f\u00ea b\u00fb sir\u00fbda ferm\u00ee ya v\u00ea cejn\u00ea ku \u00eero j\u00ee di hem\u00fb \u015fahiyan de bi co\u015f t\u00ea gotin.<\/p>\n

Bandora p\u00eerem\u00eard li ser c\u00eehan\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00eerem\u00eard li ser c\u00eehana huner\u00ee ya kurd\u00ee xwed\u00ee bandoreke xwe ya gelek\u00ee k\u00fbr \u00fb bi bandor b\u00fb. Her \u00e7end ew bi xwe wek\u00ee niv\u00eeskar, rojnamevan \u00fb helbestvanek dihat naskirin, her wiha berhem \u00fb kesayetiya w\u00ee b\u00fbne \u00e7avkaniyeke mezin a \u00eelham\u00ea ji bo muz\u00eek, \u015fano, s\u00eenema \u00fb huner\u00ean d\u00eetbar\u00ee y\u00ean kurd\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Gelek helbest\u00ean w\u00ee y\u00ean ku bi zimanek\u00ee sade \u00fb muz\u00eekal hatine niv\u00eesandin, ji aliy\u00ea gelek hunermend\u00ean cuda ve hatine strandin. Ji ber xw\u015fb\u00fbna helbest\u00ean w\u00ee, gelek kesan xwe f\u00ear\u00ee helbest\u00ean w\u00ee kirin \u00fb bi away\u00ean cuda strandine ku \u00ead\u00ee stran\u00ean w\u00ee di d\u00eerok\u00ea de b\u00fbn xwed\u00ee cihek\u00ee gir\u00eeng \u00fb navdar.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fby\u00eena p\u00eerem\u00eard <\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00eerem\u00eard ji temen\u00ea bi\u00e7\u00fbkatiya xwe heya dawiy\u00ea, ji gel\u00ea xwe re xizmeteke gelek qenc p\u00eak aniye. Di sala 1950\u2019y\u00ee de li bajar\u00ea Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea di temen\u00ea 83\u2019yan de ko\u00e7a daw\u00ee kir \u00fb li goristana heman bajar\u00ee radest\u00ee gora p\u00eeroz kirin.<\/p>\n

Bandora m\u00eeras\u00ea w\u00ee li ser c\u00eehan\u00ea, r\u00fbdoneke d\u00eerok\u00ee ya mezin b\u00fb ku xelk\u00ea Kurdistan\u00ea xiste \u015f\u00eeneke k\u00fbr. L\u00ea bel\u00ea, mirina w\u00ee ne wek\u00ee xeteke dawiy\u00ea, m\u00eena destp\u00eaka belavb\u00fbna raman, \u00e7and \u00fb nasnameya kurd\u00ee di asta navdewlet\u00ee \u00fb c\u00eehan\u00ee de hat qeb\u00fblkirin.<\/p>\n

P\u00eerem\u00eard her sal di navbera 15 \u00fb 19\u2019\u00ea Hez\u00eeran\u00ea de li ser gora w\u00ee ya li Gir\u00ea Mam\u00eeyar\u00ea ya Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea meras\u00eem\u00ean ferm\u00ee \u00fb gel\u00ear\u00ee t\u00ean lidarxistin. Di van rojan de, rew\u015fenb\u00eer, niv\u00eeskar, hunermend \u00fb berpirs\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee li ser gora w\u00ee kom dibin. Helbest\u00ean w\u00ee t\u00ean xwendin, li ser rola w\u00ee ya di edebiyat \u00fb rojnamevaniy\u00ea de gotar \u00fb panel t\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirin. Her wiha li gelek bajar\u00ean din j\u00ee her sal ji aliy\u00ea gelek kesan ve t\u00ea bib\u00eeran\u00een.<\/p>\n

Hinek berhem\u00ean P\u00eerem\u00eard<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mawlaw\u00ee kurd (ji hewraman\u00ee wergerandiye soran\u00ee), 1935<\/p>\n

Trajediya Mem \u00fb Z\u00een a Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee, 1935<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00eeroka 12 suwariyan ji Mer\u00eewan\u00ea, 1935<\/p>\n

Xirma\u00ee Kay Kon, Jiyan, 1936<\/p>\n

Galte \u00fb gep-Berhevka folklora kurd\u00ee, 1947<\/p>\n

Keman\u00e7ejen (wergera ji Tirk\u00ee)<\/p>\n

Mewlana Xalid Neq\u015f\u00eebend\u00ee<\/p>\n

Besaran\u00ee (ji hewraman\u00ee wergera soran\u00ee)<\/p>\n

Encam\u00ee piyaw\u00ee bengk\u00ea\u015f, tebax 1941<\/p>\n

Zoremil\u00ee mil\u015fikan\u00eele d\u00fbwaye, tebax 1942<\/p>\n

Felesefey ki\u00e7e kurdek, tebax 1942<\/p>\n

Mehm\u00fbd Axa, 1942<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sol\u00een Mihemed\/ Qami\u015flo Mahm\u00fbd Tewf\u00eeq yek ji st\u00fbn\u00ean her\u00ee gir\u00eeng \u00ean edebiyet, rojnamevan\u00ee \u00fb ronakb\u00eeriya kurd\u00ee b\u00fb ku nav\u00ea xwe di r\u00fbpel\u00ean d\u00eeroka Kurdistan\u00ea de niv\u00eesand. Ji ber keda di parastina \u00e7anada Kurd\u00ee de wek\u00ee par\u00eazvan\u00ea \u00e7anda Kurd\u00ee dihat binavkirin. Mahm\u00fbd Tewf\u00eeq niv\u00eeskar, rojnamevan \u00fb rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ea Kurd b\u00fb ku w\u00ee cih\u00ea xwe di d\u00eerok\u00ea de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":237869,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[232],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-237868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civak-u-jiyan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=237868"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":237870,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237868\/revisions\/237870"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/237869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=237868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=237868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=237868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}