{"id":237713,"date":"2026-06-14T08:00:47","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T06:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/?p=237713"},"modified":"2026-06-14T08:00:47","modified_gmt":"2026-06-14T06:00:47","slug":"di-nav-esiren-kurdan-de-rola-jina-kurd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/?p=237713","title":{"rendered":"Di nav E\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan de; Rola jina Kurd"},"content":{"rendered":"

Esma Mistefa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jin\u00ean Kurd ji dem\u00ean kevnar ve di e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean mezin \u00ean Kurd de roleke gir\u00eeng l\u00eestine. Heb\u00fbna wan ne ten\u00ea bi kar\u00ean navmal\u00ee ve s\u00eenordar b\u00fb, l\u00ea di hin serdem\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee de heta war\u00ean serokatiya civak\u00ee, parastina yek\u00eet\u00eeya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ea, \u00fb be\u015fdarb\u00fbna di jiyana abor\u00ee \u00fb heta jiyana siyas\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee de j\u00ee berfireh b\u00fb. Li gor\u00ee hin civak\u00ean din \u00ean kevne\u015fop\u00ee, civaka Kurd\u00ee ji bo jin qadek \u00fb ciheke firehtir di be\u015fdarb\u00fbn \u00fb bandora w\u00ea di nav avahiya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee de, hatiye veqetandin.<\/p>\n

Di nav e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean kevnar \u00ean Kurd de, jin wek\u00ee sembola rumet \u00fb kerameta e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee dihatin hesibandin, \u00fb wan roleke bingeh\u00een di veguhestina adet, kevne\u015fop\u00ee \u00fb nirxan de ji nif\u015fek\u00ee bo nif\u015fek\u00ee din dil\u00eestin. Dayik \u00fb dap\u00eeran j\u00ee di mezinkirina zarokan de li ser rastiya w\u00earek\u00ee, a\u00eediyet \u00fb comerd\u00eey\u00ea, mezin kirin. Ev taybetmendiy\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee ne ku bi civaka Kurd \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ne.<\/p>\n

Ji aliy\u00ea abor\u00ee ve, jin\u00ean Kurd be\u015fdar\u00ee gelek \u00e7alakiy\u00ean rojane b\u00fbn, bi taybet\u00ee li gund \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ean \u00e7iyay\u00ee. W\u00ea di war\u00ean \u00e7andin\u00ee, l\u00ean\u00ear\u00eena ajalan, hilber\u00eena \u015f\u00eer \u00fb \u00e7\u00eakirina xal\u00ee\u00e7e \u00fb cil\u00ean gel\u00ear\u00ee de dixebit\u00ee ku ev yek w\u00ea kir berhemdar \u00fb be\u015fdarek di aramiya abor\u00ee ya malbat \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ea de. Gelek caran, jinan di dema neb\u00fbna m\u00earan de ji ber \u015fer an pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee berpirsiyariy\u00ean gir\u00eeng hilgirtin ser xwe.<\/p>\n

Ji aliy\u00ea civak\u00ee ve, hin jin di nav e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb qeb\u00eeley\u00ean sereke de xwed\u00ee poz\u00eesyonek bi bandor b\u00fbn, li wir ew destwerdan di \u00e7areserkirina nakok\u00ee \u00fb sererastkirina t\u00eakiliy\u00ean di navbera qeb\u00eeleyan de dikirin, \u00fb ji \u015fehrezay\u00ee, ezm\u00fbn \u00fb rew\u015fa malbat\u00ea s\u00fbd werdigirtin. Hin jin bi kesayetiy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean bih\u00eaz \u00fb \u015fiyana xwe ya bandorkirina li ser biryar\u00ean m\u00ear \u00fb serok\u00ean e\u015f\u00eeran dihatin nas\u00een, bi taybet heke ew ji malbat\u00ean p\u00ea\u015feng bin an j\u00ee jin\u00ean \u015f\u00eax\u00ean e\u015f\u00eeran bin.<\/p>\n

Di d\u00eeroka Kurdan de, jin\u00ean navdar derketine hol\u00ea ku rol\u00ean serokatiy\u00ea \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee l\u00eestine, bi taybet\u00ee Xanzad ku bi aqilmendiya xwe ya siyas\u00ee dihat nas\u00een, \u00fb her weha Kara Fatime ku di serdema Osmaniyan de r\u00eaberiya \u015fervan\u00ean Kurd dikir. Ne ten\u00ea ew gelek jin\u00ean din j\u00ee di dem\u00ean \u015fer \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbnan de di parastina her\u00eam \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean xwe de derketin p\u00ea\u015f.<\/p>\n

Tev\u00ee xwezaya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ya muhafezekar a hin her\u00eaman, jin\u00ean Kurd di b\u00fbyer\u00ean civak\u00ee, stran \u00fb folklora wan de heb\u00fbneke berbi\u00e7av parastine. Stran\u00ean kevne\u015fop\u00ee y\u00ean Kurd\u00ee pir caran jinan wek\u00ee xurt, sebirkar \u00fb fedakar n\u00ee\u015fan didin. Nav\u00ean wan her wiha bi parastina nasname, ziman \u00fb m\u00eerata \u00e7and\u00ee ya Kurd\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ne.<\/p>\n

Bi derbasb\u00fbna dem\u00ea re, bandora jin\u00ean Kurd di nav civaka e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee de berdewam kir, l\u00ea bi away\u00ean c\u00fbda, ji ber ku ew di perwerde, siyaset, medyay\u00ea \u00fb xebata siv\u00eel de b\u00eatir xuya b\u00fbn, di heman dem\u00ea de reh\u00ean xwe y\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee parastin. \u00cero, jin\u00ean Kurd di b\u00eera n\u00fbjen a Kurdan de sembola t\u00eako\u015f\u00een \u00fb berxwedan\u00ea ne, ji ber rola wan a d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee ku di seranser\u00ea sedsalan de dir\u00eaj b\u00fbye.<\/p>\n

D\u00eeroka E\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan<\/strong><\/p>\n

E\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan xwed\u00ee d\u00eerokeke k\u00fbr in ku digih\u00eeje serdem\u00ean kevnar, di nav de serdema Medan (sedsala 7an ber\u00ee zay\u00een\u00ea). Hin l\u00eakol\u00eener bawer dikin ku nav\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan ji ziman\u00ea H\u00fbr\u00eeyan (Hurrian) hatiye, wek\u00ee ku Mikhail Semenovich Lazarev di l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean xwe de destn\u00ee\u015fan kiriye. Di \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee y\u00ean sedsala 14\u2019an de, wek\u00ee pirt\u00fbka \u015e\u00eehabed\u00een Omer\u00ee ya bi nav\u00ea\u00a0Masalik al-Absar, l\u00eesteyeke e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan hatiye qeydkirin. Di v\u00ea l\u00eestey\u00ea de e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean wek\u00ee G\u00fbran\u00ee, Gilal\u00ee, Kusa \u00fb Mabir bi cihwar \u00fb gelheya wan ve t\u00eane behskirin.<\/p>\n

Di serdema \u00cemparatoriya Osman\u00ee \u00fb Safev\u00ee de, e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan bi gelemper\u00ee xwed\u00ee otonomiyeke n\u00eev-serbixwe b\u00fbn. M\u00eenak, di sala 1514\u2019an de, di dema \u015eer\u00ea \u00c7aldiran\u00ea de, e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Sunn\u00ee y\u00ean Kurdan xwed\u00ee xweseriyeke gir\u00eeng b\u00fbn \u00fb bi hik\u00fbmeta Osman\u00ee re t\u00eakil\u00ee dan\u00eeb\u00fbn. \u015eeref Xan, di pirt\u00fbka xwe ya navdar\u00a0\u015eerefname\u00a0de (1597), behsa gelek e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan dike, wek\u00ee e\u015f\u00eera Ro\u015fk\u00ee, ku li Bedl\u00ees\u00ea \u00fb derdora w\u00ea hik\u00fbmet\u00ean xweser ava kirib\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Pi\u015ft\u00ee Peymana Qesra \u015e\u00eer\u00een (1639), Kurdistan di navbera Osman\u00ee \u00fb Safeviyan de hate par\u00e7ekirin, ku ev yek bandoreke mezin li ser e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan kir. E\u015f\u00eer\u00ean wek\u00ee Barzan\u00ee, Berzenc\u00ee \u00fb Rewand\u00fbz\u00ee di sedsal\u00ean 19an \u00fb 20an de bi serhildan\u00ean xwe y\u00ean li dij\u00ee desthilat\u00ean navend\u00ee navdar b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Rola E\u015f\u00eeretan di T\u00eako\u015f\u00eena Netewey\u00ee ya Kurdan de<\/strong><\/p>\n

E\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan di d\u00eerok\u00ea de di gelek serhildan\u00ean netewey\u00ee de cih girtine. M\u00eenak:<\/p>\n

Serhildana \u015e\u00eax Mehm\u00fbd\u00ea Berzenc\u00ee (1919):<\/strong>\u00a0E\u015f\u00eera Berzenc\u00ee bi 300 \u015fervan\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee li dij\u00ee Br\u00eetanyay\u00ea ser\u00ee hilda \u00fb hewl da ku Kurdistana xweser ava bike.<\/p>\n

Serhildana \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed\u00ea P\u00eeran (1925):<\/strong>\u00a0E\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurmanc\u00ee \u00fb Zaza li Bakur\u00ea Kurdistan\u00ea bi serokatiya \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed li dij\u00ee Komara Tirkiy\u00ea ser\u00ee hildan.<\/p>\n

T\u00eako\u015f\u00eena Barzaniyan:<\/strong>\u00a0E\u015f\u00eera Barzan\u00ee di sedsala 20\u2019an de di bin serokatiya Mele Mistefa Barzan\u00ee de li dij\u00ee rej\u00eema \u00ceraq\u00ea t\u00eako\u015fiya \u00fb di damezrandina Her\u00eama Kurdistan\u00ea de roleke sereke l\u00eest.<\/p>\n

Ji navdartir\u00een \u00fb mezintir\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan ev in; E\u015f\u00eera Barzan\u00ee, E\u015f\u00eera Berzenc\u00ee, E\u015f\u00eera Caf, E\u015f\u00eera Kurdik\u00ee (Gird\u00ee), E\u015f\u00eera Ro\u015fk\u00ee, E\u015f\u00eera \u015e\u00eaxbizeyn\u00ee, E\u015f\u00eera G\u00fbran\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00ean Kurd<\/p>\n

Qedem X\u00ear-<\/strong> Jinek e dilawer, xwe\u015fik \u00fb t\u00eagihi\u015ft\u00ee b\u00fb. Di \u015fer\u00ean qeb\u00eeleyan de ji zilam\u00ean qeb\u00eeleya xwe re p\u00ea\u015feng \u00fb pi\u015ftevan\u00ee dikir. Dem bi dem, dema ku qeb\u00eeleya wan rast\u00ea \u00ear\u00ee\u015f \u00fb dorp\u00ea\u00e7a dijmin dihat, ew Qedem X\u00ear b\u00fb ku b\u00ea tirs di nav agir \u00fb deng\u00ea tifing\u00ean dijmin de ji bo rizgar kirina qeb\u00eeleya xwe erzaq \u00fb alav\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee digihand \u00fb gelek caran j\u00ee ev tevgera w\u00ea a w\u00earek dib\u00fb sedem ku herkes j\u00ea h\u00eaz bigire.<\/p>\n

Di sala 1307-1308\u00b4an de (li gor d\u00eeroka Xur\u015f\u00eed\u00ee) h\u00eaz\u00ean art\u00ea\u015fa Riza Xan \u00eari\u015f\u00ea e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean pi\u015ft \u00e7iyayan y\u00ean Loristan\u00ee dike, l\u00ea e\u015f\u00eera qelawend weke e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean din y\u00ean li her\u00eam\u00ea r\u00ea nadin ketina h\u00eaz\u00ean dewlet\u00ea\u00a0 \u00fb \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean wan t\u00eak dibin. \u00db ev t\u00eako\u015f\u00een, w\u00ea nav\u00ea Qedem X\u00eara Loristan\u00ee ku wek fermande \u00fb r\u00eabera h\u00eaz\u00ean cengawer\u00ean Lor ku n\u00eaz\u00ee p\u00eanc salan li dij\u00ee dagirkeran t\u00eako\u015fiyan, b\u00ea bib\u00eeran\u00een \u00fb bikeve nav r\u00fbpel\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Ad\u00eele Xan<\/strong>– Ew jina navdar sala 1895\u2019an li gel kesek\u00ee naskir\u00ee y\u00ea devera Helebc\u00ea y\u00ea bi nav\u00ea \u201cOsman\u201d dizewice. Pi\u015ft\u00ee mirina Mehm\u00fbd Pa\u015fay\u00ea Caf serokayetiya e\u015f\u00eera Cafan dikeve st\u00fby\u00ea Osman Pa\u015fay\u00ea Caf \u00fb Ad\u00eele Xanim j\u00ee dibe hevkar\u00ea m\u00ear\u00ea xwe.<\/p>\n

Dema ku Osman Pa\u015fa sala 1905\u2019an di\u00e7e ser dilovaniya xwe \u00fb ko\u00e7a daw\u00ee dike, Ad\u00eele Xan hem\u00fb kar\u00fbbar\u00ea e\u015f\u00eera Caf bir\u00eave dibe \u00fb nav \u00fb bang\u00ea w\u00ea li hem\u00fb dever\u00ea \u015earezor \u00fb Hewreman \u00fb cih\u00ean din \u00ean Ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Kurdistan\u00ea belav dibe \u00fb herwisa r\u00eazeke z\u00eade j\u00ee di nav xelk\u00ea Rojhilat\u00ea Kurdistan\u00ea de li hember w\u00ea t\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fandan.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00eavebirina kar\u00fbbar\u00ea e\u015f\u00eereteke mezin li devera Heleb\u00e7e \u00fb de\u015fta \u015earezor \u00fb afirandina p\u00eawendiy\u00ean bih\u00eaz li gel \u00cengil\u00eeziyan kar\u00ea herkes\u00ea neb\u00fb, l\u00ea w\u00ea jina Kurd a z\u00eerek ew erk da ser mil\u00ea xwe. Pi\u015ft\u00ee serkirdayet\u00eekirina e\u015f\u00eereteke mezin a wek\u00ee e\u015f\u00eereta Caf, desthilata w\u00ea ewqas mezin b\u00fb ku bi \u015eajina b\u00ea Tac a \u015earezor\u00ea hatib\u00fb nas\u00een.<\/p>\n

Her wek t\u00ea zan\u00een, Ad\u00eele Xanim yekem\u00een Qaymeqama jin di d\u00eeroka Iraq\u00ea de b\u00fbye \u00fb di sala 1909\u2019an ew b\u00fbye Qaymeqama Helebcey\u00ea.<\/p>\n

W\u00ea jina navdar bi an\u00eena \u015faristaniyeke modern di nav xelk\u00ea xwe de \u00fb bi kar \u00fb xizmet\u00ean ku bo netewa xwe kir, bo m\u00eenakek bo hem\u00fb jin\u00ean li d\u00fb xwe \u00fb da xuya ku jin j\u00ee dikare bandorek mezin li ser civata xwe ava bike \u00fb dikare di gelek waran de bo p\u00ea\u015fxistina netewa xwe xizmet\u00ea bike.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Esma Mistefa Jin\u00ean Kurd ji dem\u00ean kevnar ve di e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean mezin \u00ean Kurd de roleke gir\u00eeng l\u00eestine. Heb\u00fbna wan ne ten\u00ea bi kar\u00ean navmal\u00ee ve s\u00eenordar b\u00fb, l\u00ea di hin serdem\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee de heta war\u00ean serokatiya civak\u00ee, parastina yek\u00eet\u00eeya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ea, \u00fb be\u015fdarb\u00fbna di jiyana abor\u00ee \u00fb heta jiyana siyas\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee de j\u00ee berfireh b\u00fb. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":237714,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-237713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-serbest"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=237713"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":237715,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237713\/revisions\/237715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/237714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=237713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=237713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=237713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}