{"id":236148,"date":"2026-04-26T08:50:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-26T06:50:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/?p=236148"},"modified":"2026-04-26T08:50:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T06:50:09","slug":"23e-nisana-1920an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/?p=236148","title":{"rendered":"23\u2019\u00ea N\u00eesana 1920\u2019an"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Volqan El\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sereniv\u00eesa li jor ne ten\u00ea serenivesek e. Bi gelek taybetmendiy\u00ean xwe, ji gelek aliyan ve cuda t\u00ea nirxandin. Hin kes wek\u00ee cejnek\u00ea digirin dest, hin h\u00eazan wek\u00ee d\u00eerokek neba\u015f girtine dest (w\u00ea dem\u00ea \u00eemp-Osman\u00ee)\u2026 her \u00e7i ti\u015ftbe, di encam\u00ea de mirov dikare wek\u00ee wer\u00e7erxanek\u00ea l\u00ea m\u00eaze bike. Yan\u00ee d\u00eerokek gir\u00eeng e. Pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea c\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea yekem\u00een, yan j\u00ee bi tesl\u00eemb\u00fbna \u00cemp. Osman\u00ee, \u015fer\u00ea c\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea yekem\u00een, bi muterekeya Mondros\u00ea bi encam b\u00fb, Mistefa Kemal\u00ea ku generalek\u00ee v\u00ea \u00eemparatoriy\u00ea b\u00fb, ber\u00ea xwe da Anatol\u00ee \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea. Ew bi xwe j\u00ee wez\u00eefedarek\u00ee pad\u00ee\u015fah\u00ea Osman\u00ee Vahdettin b\u00fb. Erka w\u00ee ya ferm\u00ee ku ji \u00eemparatoriy\u00ea girtib\u00fb; ew d\u00ea bi\u00e7\u00fbya Anotol\u00ee \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea, neh\u00ee\u015ftana ku art\u00ea\u015f\u00ean Osman\u00ee li ber tesl\u00eemb\u00fbn\u00ea ser\u00ee hilde.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kemal pi\u015ft\u00ee ku ji pad\u00ee\u015fah ev wez\u00eefe wergirt di demeke kurt de xwe di ser Behra Re\u015f re xwe gihand cebhey\u00ean art\u00ea\u015fa Osman\u00ee ya t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fby\u00ee. D\u00eet ku bi rast\u00ee j\u00ee hal\u00ea art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea ne ti hal e. Ne serhildana li dij\u00ee tesl\u00eemiyet\u00ea, berewaj\u00ee bi temam\u00ee \u015fikestiye \u00fb t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbye. Nay\u00ea zan\u00een ku di v\u00ea k\u00ealiy\u00ea de fikra esas\u00ee ya M. Kemal \u00e7i b\u00fb ye l\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee v\u00ea d\u00eemen\u00ea dib\u00eene, dibe xwediy\u00ea helwesteke wisa: \u2018dibe ku art\u00ea\u015fa t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fby\u00ee ya Osman\u00ee \u00fb gel\u00ean Anatol\u00ee \u00fb gel\u00ean Kurdistan\u00ea li dij\u00ee dagirkeriya Ewr\u00fbpiyan were bir\u00eaxistin kirin\u2019. L\u00ea bel\u00ea ji ber t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fby\u00een\u00ea, ji art\u00ea\u015fa Osman\u00ee yan j\u00ee gel\u00ean din \u00ean Anatoliy\u00ea z\u00eade derfet\u00ean berxwedan\u00ea peyda nake.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Dawiya daw\u00ee wek\u00ee hevkariy\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee ya Melezg\u00eer \u00fb \u00c7aldiran\u00ea xwe diav\u00eaje ber berxt\u00ea e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan. Pi\u015ft\u00ee geruge\u015fteke dur\u00fbdirej a din av eel uu e\u015fiireen Kurdan de civ\u00een \u00fb kongrey\u00ean Erzerom, S\u00eawas \u00fb Tam\u00eema Amasyayee destek ji Kurdan werdigire ku li dij\u00ee dagirkeriya \u0130ng\u00eel\u00eez \u00fb Fransiyan \u015fer bime\u015f\u00eenin \u00fb daw\u00ee li dagirkeriy\u00ea b\u00eenin. Bi rast\u00ee j\u00ee li ser v\u00ea esas\u00ea ji beriya 23\u2019\u00ea N\u00eesana 1920\u2019an destp\u00eak\u00ea bi lehengiya gel\u00ea Kurd Riha \u00fb derdora w\u00ea, ji dagirkeriya Frans\u00ee hatiye rizgarkirin. D\u00eesa 12\u2019\u00ea Sibata 1920\u2019an de Mere\u015f \u00fb derdora w\u00ea ji dagirkeriya heman h\u00eaz\u00ea xelas b\u00fbye. Pi\u015ft\u00ee van berxwedan\u00ean mezin e ku h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee M. Kemal Enqerey\u00ea ji xwe re dike payitext \u00fb bingeha art\u00ea\u015fa xwe dat\u00eene. Li perav\u00ean rojava \u00fb ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Anatoliy\u00ea j\u00ee li dij\u00ee dagirkeriya Yewnan \u00fb \u00cetal\u00ee, zayif j\u00ee bibe \u015ferek\u00ee dide me\u015fandin. H\u00ea b\u00eahtir dijmin\u00ea ku li Kurdistan\u00ea li eniy\u00ean Riha, Mere\u015f t\u00eak di\u00e7e, \u00ead\u00ee ji serkeftina li beramber\u00ea gel\u00ean Anatoliy\u00ea b\u00ea h\u00eav\u00ee dibe. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea ye ku h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee, dagirkeriya \u00ceng\u00eel\u00eez desteka xwe ji Yewnaniyan diki\u015f\u00eenin. Lewra M. Kemal serkeftin\u00ean xwe y\u00ean li Anatoliy\u00ea j\u00ee deyndar\u00ea gel\u00ea Kurd e. Naxwe, eger \u00ceng\u00eel\u00eezan desteka xwe ji Yewnaniyan neki\u015fandana art\u00ea\u015fa Yewnan\u00ee ku hatib\u00fb li ber s\u00eenor\u00ean Enqerey\u00ea, dikar\u00eeb\u00fb w\u00ea der\u00ea bi rehet\u00ee dagir bike!<\/p>\n<p>Werhasil\u00ee bi h\u00eaz, moral \u00fb motivasyona ku M. Kemal ji serkeftin\u00ean Riha \u00fb Mere\u015f\u00ea wergirtib\u00fb, (bi desteka e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurd \u00fb gel\u00ean Anatoliy\u00ea) li Enqerey\u00ea di d\u00eeroka 23\u2019\u00ea N\u00eesana 1920\u2019an de Meclisa Gel A Mezin ava dike. Kurd bi e\u015f\u00eere\u00ees, rew\u015fenb\u00eer \u00fb w\u00eajevan\u00ean xwe, bi \u00e7and \u00fb edet \u00fb teqal\u00eed\u00ean xwe di v\u00ea Meclis\u00ea de cih\u00ea xwe digirin. Wesa ku pi\u015ft\u00ee bi demeke diyar dagirkeriya Frans\u00ee li her\u00eama D\u00eelok\u00ea j\u00ee, bi p\u00ea\u015fengiya leheng\u00ean wek\u00ee Qere Yilan \u00fb \u015eah\u00een Beg, t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbye dest\u00ea M. Kemal d\u00ea bi temam\u00ee bi h\u00eaztir b\u00fbya. Nuxteya her\u00ee balk\u00ea\u015f ew e ku ev berxwedan\u00ean herem\u00ee bi temamii ji aliy\u00ea gel\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea ve hatiye me\u015fandin.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7end\u00ee balk\u00ea\u015f \u00fb sosret e ku ji her\u00eama Qo\u00e7g\u00eeriy\u00ea (S\u00eawas) \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ean din \u00ean Kurdistan\u00ea r\u00fbspiy\u00ean Kurdan di v\u00ea Meclis\u00ea de cih\u00ea xwe wergirtib\u00fbne. Herwisa li ser v\u00ea kevne\u015fopiya Meclisa destp\u00eak\u00ea di 23\u2019\u00ea N\u00eesana 1921\u2019an de ji aliy\u00ea v\u00ea saziy\u00ea ve Makezagona Destp\u00eak\u00ea ya Tirkiyey\u00ea t\u00ea \u00e7\u00eakirin. Di v\u00ea navber\u00ea de Kurd\u00ean her\u00eama Qo\u00e7g\u00eeriy\u00ea bi daxwaza xweseriy\u00ea, dema ku di xwestek\u00ean xwe de israr dikin ji aliy\u00ea art\u00ea\u015fa M. Kemal ve bi \u015fer \u00fb \u015fidet\u00ea ve r\u00fb bi r\u00fb dim\u00eenin. L\u00ea li ber xwe didin. N\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee 200 gund\u00ean Kurdan t\u00ean \u015fewitandin. Di encam\u00ea de ev berxwedan t\u00ea tepisandin. L\u00ea M. Kemal hewl dide, pi\u015ftii ji berxwedanee z\u00eade bi t\u00fbnd\u00ee ne\u00e7e li ser pirsgir\u00eak\u00ea. Ji dervey\u00ea El\u00ee\u015f\u00ear Efend\u00ee hem\u00fb p\u00ea\u015feng\u00ean v\u00ea berxwedan\u00ea ef\u00fb dike \u00fb hin kesan di xebat\u00ean v\u00ea Mecl\u00ees\u00ea de erkdar j\u00ee dike.<\/p>\n<p>Bi gotin\u00ean f\u00eelozof\u00ea \u00e7iyayan Qasim Engin \u201cEl\u00ee\u015f\u00ear ne ten\u00ea r\u00eaberek\u00ee gel\u00ea Kurd e, ew di heman dem\u00ea de w\u00eajevan \u00fb d\u00eeplomatek\u00ee bijarte y\u00ea gel\u00ea Kurd e\u201d. Di van b\u00fbyer\u00ean daw\u00ee y\u00ean mezin de xala gir\u00eeng \u00e7i ye? Tev\u00ee \u015fer \u00fb \u015f\u00eedeta li dij\u00ee gel\u00ea Kurd j\u00ee (her\u00eama Qo\u00e7g\u00eer\u00ee), M. Kemal t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean xwe \u00fb gel\u00ea Kurd ji bin\u00ee de qut nake. Bi nerm\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee p\u00ea\u015feng\u00ean v\u00ea berxwedan\u00ea dibe. n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbna her\u00ee dijwar ji bo p\u00ea\u015feng\u00ean berxwedan\u00ea, pi\u015ft\u00ee ji berxwedan\u00ea El\u00ee\u015f\u00ear surg\u00een\u00ee D\u00earsim\u00ea dike. Heta ev helwesta M. Kemal di v\u00ea makezagona (Qanunini Esasi) ku di d\u00eeroka 23\u2019\u00ea N\u00eesana 1921\u2019an de hatiye \u00e7\u00eakirin de didome. Gelek madey\u00ean v\u00ea makezagon\u00ea, bi \u015fiklek\u00ee xweseriya Kurdan, xweseriya k\u00eamnetew uu baweriy\u00ean cuda qeb\u00fbl dike. Heta v\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ea destkariya emperyal\u00eezma Ewr\u00fbp\u00ee li beramber\u00ea berxwedana bi p\u00ea\u015fengiya M. Kemal ku desteka gel\u00ea Kurd \u00fb gel\u00ean Anatoliy\u00ea wergirtib\u00fb \u00e7\u00eanabe. Jixwe Frans\u00ee, \u00cetal\u00ee \u00fb Yewnan\u00ee \u00fb \u00ceng\u00eel\u00eez bi xwe aliyek\u00ee \u015fer b\u00fbn, t\u00eara xwe li dij\u00ee M. Kemal \u00fb beriya w\u00ea j\u00ee li dij\u00ee Osmaniyan \u015fer kirib\u00fbn. L\u00ea bel\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee v\u00ea di ser\u00ee de emperyal\u00eezma \u00ceng\u00eel\u00eez, \u00fb bi gi\u015ft\u00ee j\u00ee modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest v\u00ea \u00eehtimala xw\u00ee\u015fk \u00fb biratiya gelan ku li Anatol\u00ee \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea bi p\u00ea\u015fketiye ji xwe re bi xeter\u00ee nirxandiye. Di ser\u00ee de \u00ceng\u00eel\u00eezan, di gelek t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean d\u00eeplomat\u00eek de (peymana Lozan \u00fb hwd) bi Komara M. Kemal daye f\u00eamkirin ku eger ew van t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean bi Kurd \u00fb baweriy\u00ean cuda re xelas neke, \u00fb h\u00ea j\u00ee bi p\u00ea\u015fde bi\u00e7e, ew \u00ea Tirkiyeya w\u00ea dem\u00ea ku di dest\u00ea M. Kemal de b\u00fb bikeve xeterey\u00ea. Ji lewra di makezagona Komara Tirkiye ku di 1924\u2019an de hatiye \u00e7\u00eakirin, \u00fb di hin helwest\u00ean Komar\u00ea y\u00ean din de hem\u00fb soz\u00ean ku M. Kemal \u00fb komar\u00ea ji bo Kurd \u00fb bawer\u00ee \u00fb gel\u00ean cuda hatine dayin hatine ji b\u00eerkirin.<\/p>\n<p>Gel\u00ea Kurd li beramber\u00ea v\u00ea komploya modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest b\u00ea helwest nemaye. L\u00ea sed mixabin e ku encax kariye bi avakirina r\u00eaxistina Azad\u00ee bersiva v\u00ea \u00ear\u00ee\u015fa giran bide. Dema ku bi komploy\u00ean cuda p\u00ea\u015feng\u00ean v\u00ea r\u00eaxistin\u00ea y\u00ean wek\u00ee Xalid C\u00eerbran\u00ee, Yusuf Ziya hatin b\u00eabandorkirin her\u00ee daw\u00ee j\u00ee bi komployek\u00ea, bi \u015fiklek\u00ee berwext serhildana gel\u00ea Kurd hatiye teqandin. \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed efend\u00ee ji ne\u00e7ar\u00ee serhildana berwext bi r\u00eavebiriye. L\u00ea negih\u00ee\u015ftiye \u00e7end mehan, bi temam\u00ee bi trajediyeke mezin bi encam b\u00fbye. Di dawiya daw\u00ee de eniya gelan ku wek\u00ee xewneke xwe\u015f xwe p\u00ea\u015f gel\u00ean Kurdistan \u00fb Anatoliy\u00ea kirib\u00fb, li wan b\u00fbye xewnere\u015fikek\u00ea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Volqan El\u00ee Sereniv\u00eesa li jor ne ten\u00ea serenivesek e. Bi gelek taybetmendiy\u00ean xwe, ji gelek aliyan ve cuda t\u00ea nirxandin. Hin kes wek\u00ee cejnek\u00ea digirin dest, hin h\u00eazan wek\u00ee d\u00eerokek neba\u015f girtine dest (w\u00ea dem\u00ea \u00eemp-Osman\u00ee)\u2026 her \u00e7i ti\u015ftbe, di encam\u00ea de mirov dikare wek\u00ee wer\u00e7erxanek\u00ea l\u00ea m\u00eaze bike. Yan\u00ee d\u00eerokek gir\u00eeng e. Pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":227288,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-236148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-serbest"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/236148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=236148"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/236148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":236149,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/236148\/revisions\/236149"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/227288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=236148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=236148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ronahi.net\/ku\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=236148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}